The Great Wildebeest Migration is one of the most incredible natural spectacles in the world. Each year, over 1.5 million wildebeest, accompanied by hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles, make a long journey across the plains of the Serengeti in Tanzania and the Maasai Mara in Kenya. This migration is not only a search for fresh grazing lands but also a dangerous journey filled with predators and challenges. In this post, we’ll explore 10 interesting facts about the Great Wildebeest Migration and what makes it such a breathtaking event.
Plan your next African safari to witness the Wildebeest Migration.
1. The Migration Covers a Distance of Over 1,800 Miles
The wildebeest migration is a long and arduous journey that spans more than 1,800 miles (2,900 km) across the Serengeti and Maasai Mara ecosystems. This circular migration takes the wildebeest through some of the most iconic landscapes in Africa, from grassy plains to river crossings, in search of fresh grass and water.
- Why They Migrate: The migration is driven by seasonal rains and the availability of fresh grazing lands.
Learn more about the route of the Great Wildebeest Migration.
2. The Migration Is the Largest Land Mammal Movement on Earth
The Great Wildebeest Migration is the largest land mammal migration in the world, with over 1.5 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras traveling together. This massive movement of animals is a spectacular sight and a key part of the ecosystem, as it helps to fertilize the land and provide food for predators.
- Other Animals: The migration also includes thousands of Thomson’s gazelles, elands, and impalas.
Discover how the migration impacts the ecosystem.
3. River Crossings Are the Most Dangerous Part of the Migration
One of the most thrilling and dangerous parts of the migration is the crossing of the Grumeti and Mara Rivers. These rivers are filled with hungry Nile crocodiles, waiting to prey on the wildebeest as they make their perilous crossing. Many wildebeest do not survive these crossings due to the predators or the swift currents.
- When It Happens: The Mara River crossing typically occurs between July and September and is one of the highlights of the migration.
Watch footage of the Mara River crossing.
4. Wildebeest Give Birth During the Migration
One of the most remarkable aspects of the migration is that wildebeest give birth along the way. Calving season usually takes place between January and March in the southern Serengeti. During this time, over 500,000 calves are born within a span of just a few weeks. The synchronized births help protect the newborns, as there is safety in numbers.
- Why It Matters: The mass birthing creates a buffet for predators, but the sheer number of calves ensures many will survive.
Learn more about wildebeest calving season.
5. The Migration Supports a Thriving Predator Population
The Great Migration is not just a spectacle of herbivores—it’s also a time of plenty for predators. Lions, cheetahs, hyenas, leopards, and crocodiles all take advantage of the massive herds. In fact, many predators rely on the migration for food, and it’s one of the best times for tourists to see the Big Five in action.
- Key Predator Activity: The migration sees increased predator activity, especially during river crossings and calving season.
Read more about predator-prey interactions during the migration.
6. The Migration Follows a Predictable Pattern, but Exact Timing Varies
While the general route of the migration remains the same each year, the exact timing can vary depending on rainfall patterns. The wildebeest follow the rains, as these provide the fresh grass they need for sustenance. This means that while the general movement is predictable, the start of the migration and specific river crossings can happen at different times each year.
- Rain-Driven: The timing of the rains determines when the wildebeest will begin moving and when they will cross rivers.
Learn about the factors influencing migration timing.
7. Zebras and Wildebeest Migrate Together for Mutual Benefit
Zebras and wildebeest are often seen migrating together, and this is no coincidence. The two species have a symbiotic relationship that benefits both. Zebras eat the long grass, which exposes the shorter grass preferred by wildebeest. Additionally, traveling together provides protection in numbers, reducing the chances of being singled out by predators.
- Dietary Preferences: Zebras prefer the longer, tougher grass, while wildebeest feed on the shorter, softer grass.
Discover how zebras and wildebeest help each other during migration.
8. The Migration Plays a Vital Role in Ecosystem Health
The Great Wildebeest Migration is not just a spectacle for tourists; it plays a crucial role in the health of the Serengeti-Maasai Mara ecosystem. As wildebeest graze, they stimulate grass growth and help fertilize the soil with their droppings. Their movement also provides food for countless predators, scavengers, and insects.
- Nutrient Cycling: The migration contributes to the fertility of the land, supporting a diverse range of wildlife.
Learn more about the ecological importance of the migration.
9. The Wildebeest Migration Is a UNESCO World Heritage Event
The Serengeti National Park and Maasai Mara National Reserve, which host the Great Migration, are both UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These protected areas are essential for preserving the natural environment where the migration takes place. Conservation efforts aim to maintain the health of these ecosystems and ensure that future generations can witness this extraordinary event.
- Protected Status: The Serengeti was designated a World Heritage Site in 1981 due to its biodiversity and role in the migration.
Explore the UNESCO status of the Serengeti.
10. You Can Witness the Migration Year-Round
While the river crossings in the Maasai Mara and Serengeti are the most famous events of the migration, there’s action all year round. From the calving season in the southern Serengeti in January to March to the river crossings in July to September, there is always something to see. Planning your trip around these key migration events ensures that you’ll experience one of nature’s greatest spectacles.
- Best Time to Visit: The migration is a year-round phenomenon, but the Mara River crossing is typically the most dramatic event.
Plan your safari to witness the Great Migration.
Conclusion: The Wonder of the Great Wildebeest Migration
The Great Wildebeest Migration is one of the most remarkable wildlife events on Earth, offering a unique window into the natural world. Whether you’re watching the dramatic river crossings or witnessing the birth of thousands of calves, the migration is an unforgettable experience that showcases the beauty, danger, and complexity of life in the African savanna.
For personalized safari packages and expert guidance on witnessing the migration, visit Kilimanjaro Climb Specialist or Eddy Tours & Safaris.
